Age of Empires: Castle Siege is a cross-platform real-time strategy game that allows players to build and guide an empire through the Medieval Era. Players choose from one of several civilizations, including the Britons, Teutons, and Kievan Rus, and then upgrade their keep, fortify walls and garrison defensive troops to protect from marauders.The siege of Osaka (大坂の役, Ōsaka no Eki, or, more commonly, 大坂の陣 Ōsaka no Jin) was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction.Divided into two stages (winter campaign and summer campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end …The ancient city of Jerusalem holds a significant place in history, with numerous events shaping its destiny. One such pivotal moment was when Babylon took siege of Jerusalem. This...Destroy the castle structure by shooting cannon balls and splitting it into pieces. Avoid hitting the hostages and collect treasures to score more points. Play this …The primary residents of European castles during the Middle Ages were the lord and lady of the realm. These might be royalty or simply the liege lords of the district where the cas...Aug 26, 2014 · "Castle Siege is built for you to enjoy the expansiveness of an Age of Empires game with the speed and simplicity of touch-based gaming," Microsoft said. The touch controls let you drag paths on ... Authentic está em um novo Minigame chamado Castle Siege, onde ele deve escolher ou o lado dos humanos e defender seu castelo, ou o lado dos monstros, para de...In this game of medieval diplomacy, treachery & power. To win you must survive. To survive you must scout the surrounding territories, defeat the local militias, subjugate the land with castles, feed the people, forge …Ready for Castle Siege Period: 12/01/2024, 19:00 - 14/01/2024, 17:00: Castle Battle: 14/01/2024, 17:00 - 14/01/2024, 19:00: Idle Period: 14/01/2024, 19:00 - 15/01/2024, 00:00: Registered Guilds; Guild Name Sign of Lord; Castle Siege - 15/01/2024; Castle Siege - 08/01/2024; Castle Siege - 01/01/2024;Aug 27, 2015 · The Windows Team. Thrilling medieval battles get even more intense in Age of Empires: Castle Siege now available for Windows 10. A game that takes you from the Dark Ages to the Renaissance. Choose one of several civilizations, then fortify your walls, ready your defensive troops, and train armies to raid other cities. Donate troops to friends ... Jan 12, 2023 · Castle's role in Rainbow Six Siege. Castle is a flex operator. He is a two-speed, two-health operator, which allows him to move freely around the map. However, his ability and his guns make him a better operator when playing and helping operators while being close to the site. Despite the UMP45 being known as one of the weakest guns on defense ... New Releases. Siege Castles is a building and sieging strategy game that's now available globally for iOS and Android. It promises a laid back strategy experience. … Castle Siege - Join the DiscordAbout the GameCastle Siege is a multiplayer 1v1 tower defense and offense game, set in a stylized medieval world.One player attacks, and the other defends. The attacker can buy units and send them out to destroy the castle. The defender can place turrets along the path to stop the units.Upgrade your units or turrets to give them special traits like lifesteal ... Power of the Trebuchet siege weapon. The Trebuchet siege weapon was an incredibly powerful weapon that could bring down Castle walls, it could throw projectiles such as large rocks at medieval castle walls, or be aimed to cause havoc within a medieval castles walls. It must’ve been a pretty scary sight to see a large rock weighing up to 350 ...Jun 14, 2021 ... Castle Siege. Here's a matte painting for some personal work. Posted 3 years ago.Jan 23, 2023 · Top 3 Favorite Games: Rainbow Six Siege, The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Wildlands. Log in or register to post comments. [Top 5] Rainbow 6 Siege Best Oryx Loadouts. Oryx's ability to keep breaching through soft walls and climb hatches make him one of the most terrifying roamers in the game. Our Castle Inn and Suites review will show you why families love the castle theme and the close walk to Disneyland! Save money, experience more. Check out our destination homepage ...Pilot Wizard POV :p#MUOnline#MUPhilippines#CastleSiege#MU#DarkWizard Siege Castles lets you build a formidable fortress and topple enemy towers. Highlights. Topple your opponent's tower in this real-time castle siege game. Ever wonder how does Bicheon Castle Siege works? Well, you are in luck. Today I am going to go through the basic stuff you need to know in order for you to p...Ready for Castle Siege Period: 12/01/2024, 19:00 - 14/01/2024, 17:00: Castle Battle: 14/01/2024, 17:00 - 14/01/2024, 19:00: Idle Period: 14/01/2024, 19:00 - 15/01/2024, 00:00: Registered Guilds; Guild Name Sign of Lord; Castle Siege - 15/01/2024; Castle Siege - 08/01/2024; Castle Siege - …Sep 28, 2023 · These massive structures were designed to hurl heavy projectiles or launch objects with great force. Siege engines could target enemy troops, batter castle walls, or breach fortifications, making them a significant threat to any besieging force. Catapults were another type of siege engine commonly used in medieval castle defense. These machines ... 1468 – Edward IV ordered Wilhelm Herbert to mobilize an army, possibly up 7,000 to 10,000 men, to finally capture the castle. After a month’s siege, a small garrison of Harlech surrendered to the forces of the Yorks. 1539 – Antiquarian survey reported that the buildings lacked residential and defensive equipment.Dec 21, 2020 · You play as the monarch of a floating kingdom, sailing the high seas in search of other lands and rulers to conquer. As you enter a battle, opposing islands crash together, and both fortresses blaze away at each other with siege weapons and soldiers. The aim of the game is to be the last castle standing, so how well you build your bastion, and ... The siege of Marienburg was an unsuccessful two-month siege of the castle in Marienburg (), the capital of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights.The joint Polish and Lithuanian forces, under command of King Władysław II Jagiełło and Grand Duke Vytautas, besieged the castle between 26 July and 19 September 1410 in a bid of complete conquest of Prussia after the great victory …Sep 28, 2023 · Let’s take a brief look at some of the common medieval castle siege tactics: Large catapult-like machines used to launch projectiles at castle walls. Siege engines designed to hurl stones, fireballs, or other projectiles at the castle. Wooden or metal structures used to ram and breach castle gates or walls. 2533. A Castle was Built to Withstand a Siege. Medieval warfare – the tactics, methods and weaponry used to lay siege to a castle in medieval times. The siege was a popular technique of medieval warfare and aimed to force the enemy to abandon a castle (or sometimes a whole town) or die in its defence. The aim was to gain entry to the …Castle Taxes. When a Siege ends, taxes are deposited to the castle vault, and the Castle Lord has the authority to change the tax rate from 0 – 10%. The castle takes 100% of all the taxes collected without paying a sum of money to the dominating castle. Castle Tax Rate ApplicationPevensey Castle is a medieval castle and former Roman Saxon Shore fort at Pevensey in the English county of East Sussex.The site is a scheduled monument in the care of English Heritage and is open to visitors. Built around 290 AD and known to the Romans as Anderitum, the fort appears to have been the base for a fleet called the Classis Anderidaensis.During the Middle Ages, siege warfare was a common method used to conquer fortified castles and towns. When faced with a well-defended castle, attackers … Les dejo un tutorial sobre el Castle Siege, espero que les sirva de ayuda.Cualquier duda a las ordenes. If you’re looking for a unique and unforgettable vacation experience, why not consider staying in a castle in Killarney, Ireland? Nestled in the stunning landscapes of County Kerry... In castle science, and according to mediaeval usage, a counter-castle was a type of castle that was built to secure a territorial lord's claims to power or to besiege and conquer the estates of rival rulers. In such cases, it may also be referred to as a siege castle. These terms are not used uniformly by specialist authors. A siege (Latin: sedere, lit. 'to sit') is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecraft or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position.Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between …The Castles Builders - Episode 2: Siege & Storm - How Medieval Castles Were Attacked And Defended | History DocumentaryWatch 'Castle Builders - Episode 3' he...A siege (Latin: sedere, lit. 'to sit') is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecraft or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position.Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between …Join the Siege! Build a castle city, defend against marauders, and, when your army is ready, lay siege to opponents. All before breakfast. Welcome to the Official Age of Empires®: Castle Siege Facebook page! You are invited to start your Medieval Era adventure, where you can choose a ci …. See more.Castle sieges will be incredibly difficult, and will need critical planning. The rewards for such an endeavour must be huge. If the Clan1 Siegers win, they get 75%-100% of all loot from the clan storage and it's earnings. As well as 30k-45k from each player participating. If Clan2 successfully defends itself, it'll get prisoner troops from the …1468 – Edward IV ordered Wilhelm Herbert to mobilize an army, possibly up 7,000 to 10,000 men, to finally capture the castle. After a month’s siege, a small garrison of Harlech surrendered to the forces of the Yorks. 1539 – Antiquarian survey reported that the buildings lacked residential and defensive equipment.1468 – Edward IV ordered Wilhelm Herbert to mobilize an army, possibly up 7,000 to 10,000 men, to finally capture the castle. After a month’s siege, a small garrison of Harlech surrendered to the forces of the Yorks. 1539 – Antiquarian survey reported that the buildings lacked residential and defensive equipment.Community Hub. Castles II: Siege & Conquest. In this game of medieval diplomacy, treachery & power. To win you must survive. To survive you must scout the surrounding territories, defeat the local militias, subjugate the land with castles, feed the people, forge diplomatic alliances, appease the church and unite the land under your iron fist ...In your experience, which MMO has the best castle sieges? Every morning, the Massively Overpowered writers team up with mascot Mo to ask MMORPG players pointed questions about the massively multiplayer online roleplaying genre. Grab a mug of your preferred beverage and take a stab at answering the question posed in …Apr 15, 2020 ... If they are sieging a castle that you're in and one of their towns comes under siege, they will abandon the castle siege to go defend the town.On Friday, May 15, customers at participating White Castle locations are welcomed to order their choice of two sliders, free of charge, to celebrate National Slider Day. By clickin...Jul 28, 2008 · Let's look at siege methods and how the castle's defenders could counter it. Surround and starve. The invading army surrounded the castle and cut off its supplies of food and water with the hope of starving the defenders. In an effort to spread disease among the defenders, the invaders could use their catapults to send dead or diseased animal ... Feb 23, 2019 ... The power of the castle heavily depends on what units are available to the opposing team. If there are going to be a lot of flying characters, ...Nov 7, 2020 · EPIC CASTLE SIEGE in this Fortress Base Defense game! - BecastledSubscribe if you like it! - https://goo.gl/bFsG6q#BaronVonGames#Becastled#CastleSiege-------... 7094 King's Castle Siege is a Castle (2007) set released in 2007. The set includes the Crown King's Castle, an evil dragon, and 10 minifigures: The Crown King, the Lead General four Crown Knights (two soldier and two archers), two Skeleton Warriors, Grimhelma, and a Black Skeleton Warrior. Gateway and Front Towers At the front of the castle are two towers. At the bottom of these are a large ... Jan 12, 2023 · Castle's role in Rainbow Six Siege. Castle is a flex operator. He is a two-speed, two-health operator, which allows him to move freely around the map. However, his ability and his guns make him a better operator when playing and helping operators while being close to the site. Despite the UMP45 being known as one of the weakest guns on defense ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.King John's Castle (Irish: Caisleán Luimnigh) also known as Limerick Castle is a 13th-century castle located on King's Island in Limerick, Ireland, next to the River Shannon. ... The walls of the castle were severely damaged in the 1642 Siege of Limerick, the first of five sieges of the city in the 17th century.This was my entry to the Castle Siege category of the CCC, over on Classic-Castle: 15887899307_4818cec2d9.jpg · 15451362594_ab45bf4ec2.jpg.Ready for Castle Siege Period: 12/01/2024, 19:00 - 14/01/2024, 17:00: Castle Battle: 14/01/2024, 17:00 - 14/01/2024, 19:00: Idle Period: 14/01/2024, 19:00 - 15/01/2024, 00:00: Registered Guilds; Guild Name Sign of Lord; Castle Siege - 15/01/2024; Castle Siege - 08/01/2024; Castle Siege - 01/01/2024;Signup for your FREE trial of Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/56gJ30s9bucCastle siege! Arrows! Armour! Knights! Cannon! Arquebus! Fighting! Drama! Herald...Brazil. August 3rd , 2020. #1. I will put on this threads all Castle Siege tricks I learn in all my Mu Online game history. We will talk first about what attackers should do, then what defender ally should do, one class at a time. Lets start, first of all let me explain how to hold switch. How to switch - If you're BK or DL (remenber this works ...Jan 23, 2023 · Top 3 Favorite Games: Rainbow Six Siege, The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Wildlands. Log in or register to post comments. [Top 5] Rainbow 6 Siege Best Oryx Loadouts. Oryx's ability to keep breaching through soft walls and climb hatches make him one of the most terrifying roamers in the game. It’s estimated that there are over 30,000 castles in Ireland. Some are parts of ruins, some are homes, some are offices — and some castles in Ireland are available for people from ...Guilds participate in Castle sieges in an effort to capture and occupy one of the five guild castles in Ashes of Creation. [3] Sieges occur once a month within a server prime-time window. [4] [3] [5] [6] The minimum goal is for 250x250 players to be on a single battlefield. It is hoped that this can be increased to 500x500 over time.This later entry into the Weapons & Warriors series has a single large castle (wall with drawbridge, 2 towers, and keep) that is under siege by an invading army with a Triple Blast Barrier and a Defense Shield. Weapons include a cannon, a crossbow, and 2 catapults. Castle Siege has quite a few more units overall than previous games in the series, adding new types …A castle was a well fortified building and when the gates were shut and the drawbridge was raised it was a very difficult place for attackers to get into. Medieval soldiers employed many tactics in their attempts to breach a castle's defences. The term siege is defined as the action employed by an army of surrounding a fortified location cutting its inhabitants off …Aug 26, 2014 · "Castle Siege is built for you to enjoy the expansiveness of an Age of Empires game with the speed and simplicity of touch-based gaming," Microsoft said. The touch controls let you drag paths on ... Age of Empires: Castle Siege was a free to play MMO tower defense game, released for Windows and Windows Phone in 2014. It was developed by Smoking Gun Interactive and published by Microsoft …Castle Defender Saga puts you in charge of leading castle defenses. Before each round, you set up your defensive strategy before hitting play and watching your units fight against enemy waves of increasing intensity. Just as you start the fight, you’ll also get the chance to boost your defenses significantly by watching a short ad.Guilds participate in Castle sieges in an effort to capture and occupy one of the five guild castles in Ashes of Creation. [3] Sieges occur once a month within a server prime-time window. [4] [3] [5] [6] The minimum goal is for 250x250 players to be on a single battlefield. It is hoped that this can be increased to 500x500 over time.“The Castle for the Covenant! will take visitors back to the 17th century as costumed characters chart the siege of 1640, re-telling some of the key moments that eventually saw the Covenanters capture the castle.” This October also sees the official launch of Discover Edinburgh Castle, the first guidebook specially created for younger visitors.PERDONEN POR EL VIDEO ES UN POCO LARGO :(CONSULTA Y PREGUNTAS:Pagina del Juego: https://moraditomu.com/MI PAGINA FC : https://www.facebook.com/ZeroTK007MY DI...Instructions For LEGO 6012 Siege Cart. These are the instructions for building the LEGO Castle Siege Cart that was released in 1986. LEGO 6012 Siege Cart instructions displayed page by page to help you build this amazing LEGO Castle set.Authentic está em um novo Minigame chamado Castle Siege, onde ele deve escolher ou o lado dos humanos e defender seu castelo, ou o lado dos monstros, para de... Siege Castles lets you build a formidable fortress and topple enemy towers. Highlights. Topple your opponent's tower in this real-time castle siege game. Apr 24, 2017 · Age of Empires: Castle Siege is a cross-platform real-time strategy game that allows players to build and guide an empire through the Medieval Era. Players choose from one of several civilizations, including the Britons, Teutons, and Kievan Rus, and then upgrade their keep, fortify walls and garrison defensive troops to protect from marauders. May 16, 2018 · 2533. A Castle was Built to Withstand a Siege. Medieval warfare – the tactics, methods and weaponry used to lay siege to a castle in medieval times. The siege was a popular technique of medieval warfare and aimed to force the enemy to abandon a castle (or sometimes a whole town) or die in its defence. The aim was to gain entry to the castle ... The siege of Kenilworth (21 June – December 1266), also known as the great siege of 1266, was a six-month siege of Kenilworth Castle and a battle of the Second Barons' War.The siege was a part of an English civil war fought from 1264 to 1267 by the forces of Simon de Montfort against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England).Age of Empires: Castle Siege was a free-to-play medieval massively multiplayer online tower defense game in the form of a Windows app, designed for Windows 8.1 and … Siege Castles lets you build a formidable fortress and topple enemy towers. Highlights. Topple your opponent's tower in this real-time castle siege game. Castle Siege - Join the DiscordAbout the GameCastle Siege is a multiplayer 1v1 tower defense and offense game, set in a stylized medieval world.One player attacks, and the other defends. The attacker can buy units and send them out to destroy the castle. The defender can place turrets along the path to stop the units.Upgrade your units or turrets to give them special traits like lifesteal ... Castles II: Siege & Conquest. In this game of medieval diplomacy, treachery & power. To win you must survive. To survive you must scout the surrounding territories, defeat the local militias, subjugate the land with castles, feed the people, forge diplomatic alliances, appease the church and unite the land under your iron fist. All Reviews: The Siege of Castle Gaillard 1204. This is one of the most famous castle sieges of the middle ages. Castle Gaillard was built by Richard The Lionheart in 1198 being typical of a castle built during the crusades, while its remains can still be seen today. Built on the banks of The Seine it had two outer wooden circles with a stone inner circle ... 5. Scarborough Castle, North Yorkshire. Scarborough Castle endured one of the longest and bloodiest sieges of the Civil War. In 1642 Sir Hugh Cholmley was sent to Scarborough to hold the castle for Parliament, but he became disillusioned and switched to the Royalist cause after five months.iOS. May 20, 2015. Age of Empires: Castle Siege was a free to play MMO tower defense game, released for Windows and Windows Phone in 2014. It was developed by Smoking Gun Interactive and published by Microsoft Game Studios. Castle Siege was released on iOS in 2015, and Android in 2017. On November 13, 2018, Microsoft Game Studios …Jun 2, 2018 ... Just sign out of Xbox on the first account and then sign back in on the second account. There's no need to switch PC users or however else you ...At the beginning of the siege, all castle gates become closed and can be damaged. The castles take no damage before the siege begins. During the siege, the castle and nearby area are turned into a combat zone. As soon as you step there you get a system message. The siege lasts for 1 hour. If the server restarts during the siege, the battle is ...Age of Empires: Castle Siege was a free to play MMO tower defense game, released for Windows and Windows Phone in 2014. It was developed by Smoking Gun Interactive and published by Microsoft …The primary residents of European castles during the Middle Ages were the lord and lady of the realm. These might be royalty or simply the liege lords of the district where the cas...Apr 22, 2007 ... Castle Siege Setup In common server set information like this: CastleSiegeRun = 1 CastleCycleStartYear =0 CastleCycleStartMonth =0...Age of Empires®: Castle Siege invites you to guide your empire through the Medieval Era on your Android device. Choose from one of several civilizations, including the Britons, Teutons, and Kievan Rus. Upgrade your keep, fortify your walls, and garrison defensive troops to protect yourself from marauders. Then, train an army to raid other ...White Castle does not allow for the purchase of franchises. Each of the restaurants is privately owned and operated through the White Castle parent company. Because the company is ... 7094 King's Castle Siege is a Castle (2007) set released in 2007. The set includes the Crown King's Castle, an evil dragon, and 10 minifigures: The Crown King, the Lead General four Crown Knights (two soldier and two archers), two Skeleton Warriors, Grimhelma, and a Black Skeleton Warrior. Gateway and Front Towers At the front of the castle are two towers. At the bottom of these are a large ... Castle Siege is a multiplayer 2 team game where one team defends a castle (the guards) and the other team tries to kill the king (the raiders) You can see the map in the following screenshot: Red circles: Raider spawns. Yellow circles: Castle Entrance Weaknesses. Blue circles: Guard spawns. Black circle: The King.UNIQUE ABILITIES AND PLAYSTYLE. Castle is an anchor and secure Operator, capable of creating defensive strongholds around the objective, controlling the flow of the attackers and slowing down their assault. Castle's unique ability is to create reinforced barricades using the: UTP1-Universal Tactical Panel.iOS. May 20, 2015. Age of Empires: Castle Siege was a free to play MMO tower defense game, released for Windows and Windows Phone in 2014. It was developed by Smoking Gun Interactive and published by Microsoft Game Studios. Castle Siege was released on iOS in 2015, and Android in 2017. On November 13, 2018, Microsoft Game Studios …Destroy the castle structure by shooting cannon balls and splitting it into pieces. Avoid hitting the hostages and collect treasures to score more points. Play this …
Dec 1, 2008 ... Open up your battle command menu (default Backspace?) and look for any red dots (those would be any outstanding enemies). If you find one stuck .... Score of the lions football game
Castle Siege is limited to 15 minutes for the Field Battle and a maximum of 45 minutes for the Inner Castle Siege. If a Guild Master destroys the Throne of ...[HORARIOS]Atención guild comiencen a juntar todos los "Sing of Lord" que puedan para poder participar en este primer Castle Siegue Beta Emoticono like* Fecha...Jan 8, 2024 · Castle Siege. Castle Siege across the series. Castle Siege ( 攻城戦, Castle Siege) is a Fire Emblem stage in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. It was first revealed for Brawl at E3 2006. It is based upon themes and motifs from the series as a whole, rather than one particular title, due to ... The Siege of Castle Gaillard 1204. This is one of the most famous castle sieges of the middle ages. Castle Gaillard was built by Richard The Lionheart in 1198 being typical of a castle built during the crusades, while its remains can still be seen today. Built on the banks of The Seine it had two outer wooden circles with a stone inner circle ... Castle Learning Online’s products don’t come with ready-made answer keys, but they do provide instant feedback and answers once the student has gone through an assignment. The Defenders have sixteen units: four Knights, four Archers, four Cannons, and four Boiling Oil Cauldrons. The Attackers are assaulting with twenty-eight units: eight Knights, four Archers, four Cannons, four Sappers, four Battering Rams, and four Siege Towers. The Attackers must breach the castle walls to take the fight to the Defenders. A six-sided die is used to resolve combat, and to ... In this game of medieval diplomacy, treachery & power. To win you must survive. To survive you must scout the surrounding territories, defeat the local militias, subjugate the land with castles, feed the people, forge …The Great Siege of Athlone. In 10 days the Williamites fired off 12,000 cannonballs, 600 bombs and ‘a great many ton of stones shot out of our mortars’. It was the heaviest bombardment in Irish history. In 1691 Athlone was the focus of the Williamite attack on Connacht, the Jacobite stronghold. Ginkel, the Williamite general, with a large ...Siege the Day is a tactical real-time combat castle builder game. Take control of your castle's defenses and fortifications. Engage in epic 1-on-1 battles! Build your ultimate castle and use catapults, cannons, magic spells, and dragons to wage war against other players.The Great Siege of Athlone. In 10 days the Williamites fired off 12,000 cannonballs, 600 bombs and ‘a great many ton of stones shot out of our mortars’. It was the heaviest bombardment in Irish history. In 1691 Athlone was the focus of the Williamite attack on Connacht, the Jacobite stronghold. Ginkel, the Williamite general, with a large ...Jan 29, 2019 ... My Epic Fantasy novel is now available in ebook and paperback, Shadow of the Conqueror: ...#mir4 #mir4global #mir4ph #p2e #castlesiege Fb Page : https://www.facebook.com/gaming/binto...Tiktok : https://www.tiktok.com/@bintoyplays?l...YT : https://...Illustration of Oxford Castle based on a 16th-century woodcut. The siege of Oxford took place during the Anarchy—a period of civil war following the death of Henry I of England without a male heir—in 1142. Fought between his nephew, Stephen of Blois, and his daughter, the Empress Matilda (or Maud), who had recently been expelled from her base in Westminster and chosen ….